Department of Endocrinology，Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated Anhui Medical University，Hefei 230041, China

Objective To observe the effect of pioglitazone on monocyte chemoattractant protein1(MCP1) level in the serum and urine, on MCP1 expression in the kedney, and on renal constitution and function in Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. MethodsThe normal control group (NC group) fed with normal diet. The model of T2DM rat was established by fed with highsucrosehighfat diet and injected low dose of streptozotocin （STZ）. For the pioglitazone (PIO) group, the T2DM rats received PIO intervention. After 8 weeks, blood glucose levels, urine and biochemical regular index, and renal pathological changes were examined. The urinary MCP1 index was also detected.ResultsCompared with the NC group, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were significantly increased in the diabetes group (DM group) There was no significant difference between the DM group and the PIO group. The urinary albumin / urinary creatine (ACR), urinary retinolbinding protein (URBP), urinary MCP1 (UMCP1), and renal hypertrophy index in the DM and the PIO group were higher than those in the NC group. Whereas the four abovementioned indicators were significantly lower in the PIO Group compared with the DM group. The UMCP1 positively correlated with ACR, URBP, and kidney hypertrophy index. Pathological results showed that the extent of glomerular lesions in the PIO group was significantly reduced and MCP1 expression was decreased, compared with that in the DM group.Conclusion Pioglitazone has protective effect on the kidney in Type 2 diabetic rat, which is independent on the hypoglycemic effect. It may be related to the inhibitory effect on MCP1 expression and excretion.